Leaf litter

Using fallen leaves as leaf litter in the aquarium. Leaf litter doesn't last long on the floor of a rainforest, but in a streambed leaves form a connected network of small hidden spaces, where Apistogramma breed.

De-nitrification

De-nitrification is the other "arc" that completes the nitrogen cycle in the aquarium; it keep the nitrate levels in unpolluted natural waters vanishingly low. If your nitrate builds up quickly, you want to find out why.

Loricariidae: Neotropical catfishes

The Loricariids, the world's largest family of catfishes, include Otocinclus and its mini kin, whiptails like Farlowella and Sturisoma, and the wide range of "plecos".

Callichthyidae: Neotropical catfishes

Callichthyid catfishes present their highest diversity in the headwaters of the Amazon drainage and in the rivers draining the Guianan shield. Their most familiar members are the Corydoras species.

Innes, Exotic Aquarium Fishes

After an interval of many years I have a copy once again of William T. Innes, Exotic Aquarium Fishes. It is a book I still knew by heart, after decades without it.

Anubias

Anubias is a marsh plant from tropical West Africa. In its native haunts it is seldom flooded for long, but in the aquarium it will adapt to a submerse life.

Pages

Subscribe to The Skeptical Aquarist RSS